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Climate change and mitigation through agroforestry

Global climate change is a change in long term weather pattern that characterised by the region of the world. Human activities, especially the burning of the coal and oil, have warmed the earth by increasing the concentration of the heat trapping gases. The impact of warming can be observed in changing weather patterns. Climate change is already affecting human health, ecosystem. Agroforestry has been recognized as a means to reduce CO2 emissions as well as enhancing carbon sinks. Agroforestry provides a unique opportunity to combine the twin objectives of climate change adaptation and mitigation. It has the ability to enhance the resilience of the system for coping with the adverse impacts of climate change. Agroforestry is an ecologically sustainable land use system that maintains increase total yield by combining food crops (annuals) with tree crops (perennials) and/or livestock on the same unit of land. Farmers retain tree of Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica, Zizyphus mauritiana and Gmelina arborea etc in farm land. In a 6 year old Gmelina arborea based agri-silvicultural system 31.37 tC/ha was sequestered. The highest carbon sequestration was found for Alnus nepaliensis 0.256 tC/ha/yr and Dalbergia sissoo 0.141 tC/ha/yr intercropped with wheat and paddy. Agroforestry system is economically and ecologically sound practices with enhancement of overall farm productivity, soil enrichment through litter fall, maintaining environmental services such as climate change mitigation (carbon sequestration), phytoremediation, watershed protection and biodiversity conservation.