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Tiếng Việt - Vietnamese: Phần 2

Nội dung chính của phần 2 cuốn "Tiếng Việt không son phấn" miêu tả cấu trúc của danh từ (noun phrase, NP); động từ (verb phrase, VP) trong tiếng Việt; miêu tả hình thức các loại câu trong tiếng Việt, qua hai bình diện “cấu trúc” (structural) và “biến tạo” (transformational); câu phủ định, câu nghi vấn, câu kép trong tiếng Việt; Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo. | Chapter 8 The Noun Phrase 8.0 Phrase structure After studying the various parts of speech we will now look at the different ways they combine with one another to make up a larger unit called phrase or syntagm . But we will first discuss briefly the four basic patterns of grammatical grouping 1 modification 2 complementation 3 predication and 4 coordination. Examples are 1 Modification. In a modification pattern the central or nuclear grammatical unit called quot modified quot governs another grammatical unit called quot modifier quot which as a satellite may precede or follow the central unit. For example the head noun bo bovine may be followed by a qualifier like sua milk or duc male or cái female resulting in bo sua milch cow bo duc bull bo cái cow . The same noun may be preceded by one modifier or more as in mot con bo cái one cow a phrase containing the numeral mot one and the categorical noun N classifier con animal . The sequence may further contain a specifier called quot demonstrative quot like nay this ay that -which occurs at the end so that this expression called a NOUN PHRASE now reads mot con bo cái nay NUM N N DEM this one cow cf. the examples on pages 92 and 95 2 Complementation. A verb may occur alone ve returned nghe listened ngu slept or it may be followed by an item called its quot complement quot as in . thay mot con bo cái. saw a cow in which the verb of perception thay to see is followed by the object of that perception one unit of the female bovine species . 172 VIETNAMESE The structure of such a VERB PHRASE can be much more complex with several kinds of complement. 3 Predication. The verb phrase in 2 would make up a meaningful sentence if it is preceded by a partner called quot subject quot and this resulting larger sequence represents the third pattern a predication Toi thay möt con bo cái. I saw a cow. Likewise Töi ve que. I went back to my native village. Töi nghe mai. continuously I listened and listened. Toi ngu luon without .