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Longman grammar of spoken and written english part 30

Tham khảo tài liệu 'longman grammar of spoken and written english part 30', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Single-word lexical verbs 383 Occurrence verbs - Intransitive only die happen occur - Both intransitive and transitive change develop Copular only become Transitive intransitive and copular grow Existence verbs - Intransitive only exist live Transitive only contain include indicate involve represent - Both intransitive and transitive stand - Copular only be seem - Both intransitive and copular appear look stay Aspectual verbs Both intransitive and transitive begin continue start stop Transitive intransitive and copular keep. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS Verbs occurring with transitive patterns are common across all semantic domains. In contrast there are few exclusively intransitive verbs. Only three semantic domains have common verbs that are exclusively intransitive activity verbs occurrence verbs and existence verbs. Three common activity verbs report simple actions that do not take objects come go and wait I never used one before until I came here conv And then he went into the bathroom conv A figure in the shadows waited fict Intransitive activity verbs can occur with adverbials as in the first two of those examples. In some of these cases it is difficult to decide whether the adverbial is optional or obligatory. Occurrence verbs which simply document that an event happened constitute the only semantic domain to include more intransitive than transitive verbs She died about two months later conv For a time yet he might last fict But this is not likely to occur news Confusion arose because Roding described a whelk under the name of Nucella lap ii us. ACADf Details of the circumstances at Neill s emerged only slowly and selectively. acad A subset of existence verbs describing simple states of existence also occur as exclusively intransitive verbs Oh it doesn t matter about that conv Most of the club members don t even live in the area news The effect can doubtless not exist without its cause acad 384 VERBS 5.2.4.Z Variation in verb valency patterns It is common for .