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Longman grammar of spoken and written english part 46

Tham khảo tài liệu 'longman grammar of spoken and written english part 46', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Postmodification by finite relative clause 609 There are many reasons why we may wish to automate parts of the decision process acad In addition the relativizer can be omitted with many relative clauses referred to as the zero relativizer The next thing she knows she s talking to Danny conv Gwen gave the little frowning smile she used when she was putting something to someone fict To some extent the choice of relativizer is determined grammatically by the role of the gap in the relative clause. Thus the pronoun whom and the zero relativizer with rare exceptions are used only with non-subject gaps the pronoun whose is used only with possessive genitive gaps and the relative adverbs where when and why are used only with adverbial gaps. However the choice among relativizers is influenced by a number of additional factors discussed in 8.7.1.2-9. These other factors include register restrictive v. non-restrictive function and animate human v. non-animate head noun. In addition non-standard dialects include other relativizers which are briefly covered in the following section. 8.7.1.1 Variant relativizers in non-standard dialects There is considerable dialect variation in the range of relativizers used in conversation. For example the form as is sometimes used as a relativizer Well I know one person as ll eat it. conv The wh-word what is somewhat more common as a relativizer in BrE conversational texts although it is much rarer than the standard forms who which and that And you see that truck what just went by. conv Gotta make sure she s got the book what I had last week conv I ll get off to shop and get her the stuff what she wants conv You know that thing what you fill up with liquid conv We ve got a bottle of apricot wine what we ve had for about twelve years. conv For the rest of this account we consider only the standard set of relativizers. 8.7.1.2 Distribution of relativizers across registers There is a complex set of interrelated factors influencing the choice .