Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Sổ tay kỹ sư cơ khí P9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'sổ tay kỹ sư cơ khí p9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | CHAPTER 66_ WATER POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Carl A. Brunner Ph.D. Retired from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 66.1 INTRODUCTION 2031 66.3.2 Activated Carbon Adsorption 2037 66.2 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER 66.3.3 Air Stripping 2038 TREATMENT 2032 66.3.4 Steam Stripping 2039 66.3.5 Membrane Technologies 2039 66.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER 66.3.6 Ion Exchange 2041 AND HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT 66.3.1 Chemical Precipitation 2035 66.3.7 Other Methods 2043 and Clarification 2036 66.1 INTRODUCTION Various degrees of pollution management have been carried out for centuries. Roman sewers are well known. For much of this time emphasis was on reducing esthetic problems in cities. When a connection was made between disease and microorganisms harbored in human wastes the urgency to remove these wastes from human contact increased. Although this connection was suspected earlier it was not proved until the 19th century. The early pollution-management methods did not include treatment and did not have a significant beneficial impact on the environment. Concerns about the impacts of wastes created by mankind upon the environment are relatively recent. In the 19th century people began to notice that waterways were showing serious signs of pollution and a few states began to consider remedial measures.1 Widespread use of treatment of wastewater did not occur prior to the early 20th century. The most commonly employed method of solid waste disposal well into the 20th century was simply dumping on the land or sometimes in local water bodies. Municipal incinerators began to be used by the end of the 19th century. The more acceptable sanitary landfill did not become a common substitute for the open dump until after World War II. Similarly significant efforts to curb air pollution were not initiated until after World War II. Strong concern for pollution control not only for health reasons but also to improve the environment originated in the 1960 s with the development