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A multiple scenario analysis into the potential

A multiple scenario analysis into the potential for bio-ethanol production form maize in South Africa By Maria Smith. | A MULTIPLE SCENARIO ANALYSIS INTO THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM MAIZE IN SOUTH AFRICA by MARIA SMITH DISSERTATION submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTIAE in the DEPARTS IENT AND ENERGY STUDIES in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR Prof. N.J. Kotze CO-SUPERVISOR Dr. C.J. Cooper NOVEMBER 2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the financial assistance of the South African National Energy Research Institute towards this research. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to SANERI. Prof. Nico Kotze and Dr. Chris Cooper are thanked for all their valuable suggestions and insights during the course of this study. The South African National Energy Association is thanked for allowing me the opportunity to expand my knowledge regarding global and South African energy issues durin Finally I ths . _ Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vii ABSTRACT ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem statement 3 1.3 Objectives 4 1.4 Framework 5 CHAPTEF J 8 2.1 Introdu 8 2.2 Bioener 9 2.2.1 Bi 9 2.2.2 Biofuels 10 2.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages 12 2.2.3.1 Environmental 12 2.23.2 Technical 14 2.2.3.3 Resource related 15 2.3 Status of current biofuel research 16 2.3.1 Cellulosic bioethanol 18 2.3.1.1 Pretreatment processes 19 2.3.1.2 Process design 19 2.3.2 Life-cycle assessments 20 2.3.2.1 Energy balances 22 2.3.2.2 Greenhouse gas balances 24 2.3.2.3 Qualitative environmental assessments 24