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CHƯƠNG 20 - PRESENTING RESULTS: Written and Oral Reports

Short report – For well-defined, limited-scope problems with straight-forward methodology – Usually 5 or fewer pages – Formats • Findings summary (graphical or tabular) attached to letter of transmittal • Business letter • Internal memorandum | Chapter Twenty PRESENTING RESULTS: Written and Oral Reports Written Research Report Short report For well-defined, limited-scope problems with straight-forward methodology Usually 5 or fewer pages Formats Findings summary (graphical or tabular) attached to letter of transmittal Business letter Internal memorandum Written Research Report Short Report (Memorandum) Reason for writing Answer direct inquiry with specific answer and supporting detail Expository style with brevity and directness Attach detailed materials as appendices when needed Written Research Report Long report Technical report Management report Long Report Components Prefatory Items Letter of transmittal Title page Authorization letter Executive summary Table of contents Introduction Problem statement Research objectives Background Methodology Sampling design Research design Data collection Data analysis Limitations Conclusions Summary conclusions Recommendations Appendices Bibliography Written Report Considerations Order of report Sentence outline Topic outline Comprehensibility Readability indices Pace Tone Presentation of Statistics Text paragraph format Semi-tabular format Tabular format Graphical format Graphical Formats Line graphs Area charts Pie charts Bar charts Pictographs/Geo-Graphics 3-D graphics Oral Presentations Preparation Length Content Style Scripted Extemporaneous Audiovisuals Type Role Content Opening Findings and conclusions Recommendations Delivery Vocal characteristics Physical characteristics Audiovisual Aids Chalkboards Whiteboards Handout materials Flip charts Slides Overhead transparencies Computer-drawn visuals Computer . | Chapter Twenty PRESENTING RESULTS: Written and Oral Reports Written Research Report Short report For well-defined, limited-scope problems with straight-forward methodology Usually 5 or fewer pages Formats Findings summary (graphical or tabular) attached to letter of transmittal Business letter Internal memorandum Written Research Report Short Report (Memorandum) Reason for writing Answer direct inquiry with specific answer and supporting detail Expository style with brevity and directness Attach detailed materials as appendices when needed Written Research Report Long report Technical report Management report Long Report Components Prefatory Items Letter of transmittal Title page Authorization letter Executive summary Table of contents Introduction Problem statement Research objectives Background Methodology Sampling design Research design Data collection Data analysis Limitations Conclusions Summary conclusions Recommendations Appendices Bibliography Written Report Considerations Order of report Sentence outline Topic outline Comprehensibility Readability indices Pace Tone Presentation of Statistics Text paragraph format Semi-tabular format Tabular format Graphical format Graphical Formats Line graphs Area charts Pie charts Bar charts Pictographs/Geo-Graphics 3-D graphics Oral Presentations Preparation Length Content Style Scripted Extemporaneous Audiovisuals Type Role Content Opening Findings and conclusions Recommendations Delivery Vocal characteristics Physical characteristics Audiovisual Aids Chalkboards Whiteboards Handout materials Flip charts Slides Overhead transparencies Computer-drawn visuals Computer animation