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BÀI GIẢNG 5: CHIẾN LƯỢC TRONG QUYẾT ĐỊNH GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI

1 yếu tố hạn chế xe sử dụng Nhu cầu biến động: thay đổi của nhu cầu theo thời gian là một trong các chính nguyên nhân của underutilization của chiếc xe. Chỉ trong thời gian giao hàng: việc bổ sung vật tư với số lượng nhỏ hơn thường trong một thời gian ngắn có xu hướng làm suy giảm hệ số tải xe | GLOBAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT LECTURE 5: DECISION STRATEGIES IN TRANSPORTATION Agenda 1 Factors constraining vehicle utilization 2 Reasons for declining density and stack ability road freight 3 Strategies to improve vehicle utilization 4 Summary 1 Factors constraining vehicle utilization Demand fluctuation: variability of demand over time is one the main causes of underutilization of vehicle. Just in time delivery: the replenishment of supplies in smaller quantities more often within a short time tend to depress vehicle load factor Unreliability of time schedule: where schedules are unreliable, it is hard to arrange backhaul or more complex collection and delivery routes 1 Factors constraining vehicle utilization Vehicle size and weight restrictions: for example, some vehicles still have space but already reached maximum weight. Handling requirements: many company sacrifice vehicle utilization for handling efficiency. Incompatibility of vehicles and products: some products needs special handling to be transported by vehicle. E.g petrol, gaz 1 Factors constraining vehicle utilization Health and safety regulations Capacity constraints at company premises: often the size of load is constrained by the available storage Lack of knowledge of back-loading and load consolidation opportunities: many of these opportunities are missed because carriers are simply unaware of them. Poor coordination of the purchasing, sales and logistics functions: opportunities for back-loading are hardly discussed in trade negotiation between two companies 2 Reasons for declining density and stack ability road freight Change in nature of the product e.g product becomes lighter because of new material Increase in packaging. Greater use of unitized handling equipment Declining rigidity Order picking of palletized loads Tightening health and safety regulations 3 Strategies to improve vehicle utilization Increase return loading Logistical initiatives Use of freight procurement services: some agents are more efficient at freight procurement service. Installation of vehicle tracking systems: advances in IT and telecommunication support the back-loading of truck Reverse logistics: an increasing proportion of products is travelling back along the supply chain for repair, reuse, recycling or manufacture. 3 Strategies to improve vehicle utilization Maximize the available carrying capacity Maximum vehicle weight: carry items as much as possible, eliminate waste of space in delivery. Vehicle size and design: size and design must allow maximum carry capacity. Some special products must have specific design vehicle e.g petrol, gas, chemicals 3 Strategies to improve vehicle utilization Use more space-efficient handling systems and packaging Choice of loading method: appropriate loading method for specific product. Pallet dimensions: eliminate space waste Stacking height: increase stacking height Modular loads: packing orders into modules of varying height Shape and dimensions of product packaging: food cans in square can save more space in round shape 4 Summary Transport optimization is now being used to describe efforts to maximize vehicle utilization. Efficient transport optimization can save fuel cost, driver shortages, traffic congestion and environmental impacts Many factors constraint the vehicle utilization in daily practices Efficient transport strategies can improve transport utilization by maximizing the available carrying capacity and use of space efficient handling system.