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Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 14

Tài liệu tham khảo giáo trình cơ học kết cấu trong ngành xây dựng bằng Tiếng Anh - Yamaguchi, E. “Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability” Structural Engineering Handbook Ed. Chen Wai-Fah Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 - Cooling Tower Structures | Gould P.L. and Kratzig W.B. Cooling Tower Structures Structural Engineering Handbook Ed. Chen Wai-Fah Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 Cooling Tower Structures Phillip L. Gould Department of Civil Engineering Washington University St. Louis MO Wilfried B. Kratzig Ruhr-University Bochum Germany 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Introduction Components of a Natural Draft Cooling Tower Damage and Failures Geometry Loading Methods of Analysis Design and Detailing of Components Construction References Further Reading 14.1 Introduction Hyperbolic cooling towers are large thin shell reinforced concrete structures which contribute to environmental protection and to power generation efficiency and reliability. As shown in Figure 14.1 they may dominate the landscape but they possess a certain aesthetic .eloquence due to their doubly curved form. The operation of a cooling tower is illustrated in Figure 14.2. In a thermal power station heated steam drives the turbogenerator which produces electric energy. To create an efficient heat sink at the end of this process the steam is condensed and recycled into the boiler. This requires a large amount of cooling water whose temperature is raised and then recooled in the tower. In a so-called wet natural draft cooling tower the heated water is distributed evenly through channels and pipes above the fill. As the water flows and drops through the fill sheets it comes into contact with the rising cooler air. Evaporative cooling occurs and the cooled water is then collected in the water basin to be recycled into the condenser. The difference in density of the warm air inside and the colder air outside creates the natural draft in the interior. This upward flow of warm air which leads to a continuous stream of fresh air through the air inlets into the tower is protected against atmospheric turbulence by the reinforced concrete shell. The cooling tower shell is supported by a truss or framework of columns bridging the air inlet to the .