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.New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Phần 7

Hình8 - Kashiwazaki-Kariwa điện hạt nhân nhà máy (KKNPP), nằm khoảng 10-20 km từ tâm chấn ở quận Niigata. Nhà máy điện này đã bị đóng cửa sau ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2007, trận động đất gây thiệt hại cho nhà máy. | Recent Developments in Earthquake Hazards Studies 247 Fig. 8 The Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant KKNPP located about 10-20 km from the epicenter in the Niigata prefecture. This power plant was shut down after the July 16 2007 earthquake caused damage to the plant over thirty percent of the nation s power. All Japanese nuclear facilities have been engineered to withstand earthquakes of up to Mw 6.5. In this instance implementation of earthquake building codes in Japan s nuclear facilities almost certainly saved lives. Tsunamis are another secondary effect of earthquakes. In one well known case the Mw 9.2 earthquake that struck the coast of Sumatra Indonesia in December of 2004 triggered an Indian Ocean tsunami that devastated several countries separated by more than 4 000 miles from Southeast Asia to Africa. The tsunami death toll exceeded 230 000 and led to the displacement of millions of people. A Mw 7.9 earthquake struck eastern Sichuan China on May 12 2008 and resulted in the death of some 89 000 people and left over a million homeless. This earthquake occurred within the Long-men Shan region which is located at the bound ary between the high topography of the Tibetan Plateau to the west and the relatively stable Sichuan Basin to the east Fig. 9 Burchfiel et al. 1995 . The ground shaking was felt over much of central eastern and southern China Fig. 9 . The earthquake led to numerous landslides that buried villages and complicated rescue efforts by blocking transportation routes. Medical supplies water and food may not reach isolated communities affected by the disaster and the inability to distribute critical supplies may dramatically increase the casualties. Earthquake Engineering and Building Codes The design of buildings to sustain earthquake strong ground motions is a critical step in reducing the loss 248 W.D. Mooney and S.M. White b Fig. 9 A Location map of China and neighboring countries. Star in center of map marks the location of the Mw 7.9 .