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EQUALITY LAW IN AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION Part 3

Điều 4 của Luật bình đẳng giới quy định mục tiêu bình đẳng giới là: Xóa bỏ phân biệt đối xử về giới, tạo cơ hội như nhau cho nam và nữ trong phát triển kinh tế - xã hội và phát triển nguồn nhân lực, tiến tới bình đẳng giới thực chất giữa nam, nữ và thiết lập, củng cố quan hệ hợp tác, hỗ trợ giữa nam, nữ trong mọi lĩnh vực của đời sống xã hội và gia đình. | article 13 ec evolution and current contexts 53 other grounds set out in Article 13. This implies proper access to the Courts and equality of arms before the Courts.77 Some states have Commissions which help with the preparation and funding of discrimination cases others will have to consider what assistance is necessary to make sure that such individual rights are real. Criminal sanctions Some discriminatory acts are so grave that the state must invoke the criminal process against the perpetrators. There are three main reasons for this. Firstly often the victim will be too alienated or feel too weak or frightened to seek an individual remedy. In those circumstances the state cannot stand by and permit the wrongful act to occur and perhaps to re-occur. Secondly the state exercising the democratic will of the people and the courts as guardians of human rights must mark disapproval of grave acts of discrimination especially those involving violence or grave oppression. Thirdly and more particularly public order can be quickly undermined by racist or other discriminatory attacks or by vigilante action or retaliation provoked by acts of discrimination. Only through an effective criminal process will that be prevented. Accordingly an effective code of criminal laws an adequately resourced and motivated system of criminal investigation and a suitable judicial process giving proportionate sentences are all essential. Information and training The scope and principle of equal treatment and the need for objective justification for differential treatment is not naturally part of the public discourse. Experience shows that merely giving rights to individual remedies and creating mechanisms for state enforcement will not be enough. The principle of equal treatment needs to be fully understood and accepted as desirable for society ensuring that decisions are taken on an objective basis thereby promoting stability and social coherence. The more effective the system of public .