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Neurology 4 mrcp answers book - part 2

Q3: Trả lời: một nguyên nhân khác của loại hình này thiếu oxy mà không chỉnh sửa bằng O2 trị liệu 1-Bất kỳ quyền shunt trái (tim hoặc phổi). 2-Giảm O2 khả năng vận chuyển của máu: thiếu máu và hemoglobins bất hoạt | Chapter II Pulmonary Medicine Answers Q1 Answer c The visceral pleura is insensitive to pain and the pleural pain is due to involvement of the parietal pleura. Q2 Answer e Option e causes tachypnia and hence Co2 wash out and hypocapnia. All others are the cause of hypoventilation and Co2 retention and cyanosis that can be corrected by giving oxygen. Q3 Answer a Other causes of this type of hypoxemia that is not corrected by O2 therapy 1- Any right to left shunt at cardiac or lung level . 2- Decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood anemia and inactivated hemoglobins Q4 Answer c V Q scan is contraindicated in ASD because the macro aggregates of albumin loge in the cerebral and renal circulations with devastating effects. MRI is usually used in mediastinal lesions and lung apical lesions and vertebral lesions CT scan is mainly used for parenchyma lung lesions. Bronchoscope is useful in central tumors. Ultrasound is very sensitive of the detection of small pleural effusions. Q5 Answer e Fibrosing alveolitis causes reduction in both TLCO and KCO. Isolated reduction in the KCO with normal pulmonary function tests usually indicates severe anemia. All other options cause a low TLCO with a normal or high KCO. Q5 Answer c Wegner s as well as bronchogenic cysts pulmonary sequestration lymphoma benigh tumors apspergilloma and rheumatoid nodule all are uncommon causes of a solitary pulmonary nodule or the so-called coin lesion. Q6 Answer e The indications are 1- PaO2 of less than 7.3 kPa with any level of PaCO2 and an FEV1 less than 1.5 liters. 2- PaO2 between 7.3 to 8 kPa PLUS either pulmonary hypertension peripheral edema or nocturnal hypoxemia. Q7 Answer e Fever may be due to many things so don t assume that the patient is having an exacerbation simply because of fever. Q8 Answer c Steroids have no effect on the progression of the disease. Other indications a- if the exacerbation was the presenting feature. b- if there is a poor response to bronchodilator therapy. Remember .