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Neurology 4 mrcp answers book - part 4

Trả lời: 3 Hãy nhớ rằng: rượu làm cho bạn đi tiểu nhiều hơn và hút thuốc lá làm cho bạn đi tiểu LESS. Q11: Trả lời: c như một osmolality tiết niệu có thể cho thấy uống nước ép buộc gây nhiễm độc nước và nước tiểu loãng | B-renal failure. C-SIADH syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH . Remember hyponatremia with NORMAL ECF volume A-nephrotic syndrome B-hypothyroidism. C-diuretics. D-NSAIDS. Answer 3 Remember alcohol makes you urinate MORE and smoking makes you urinate LESS. Q11 Answer c Such a urinary osmolality may indicate compulsive water drinking causing water intoxication and dilute urine or diabetes insipidus urinary osmolaity in SIADH is usually around 460 mmol Kg .i.e. inappropriately high . Q12 Answer d It is beta blockers other causes spironolactone amiloride and triamterene. Remember hypokalemia potentiates digoxin toxicity but in digoxin toxicity hyperkalemia may occur. Q13 Answer a Bicarbonate infusion reduces serum potassium by 0.2-0.4 meq L so it is a weak agent anyhow it is used in severe acidosis but watch for circulatory overload . Calcium resonium is used in the chronic setting. Calcium gluconate infusion is just a cardio protective agent it does lower the serum potassium. Q14 Answer d a- True due to muscle fiber necrosis and even rhabdomyolysis. b- True usually seen as a difficult weaning from a ventilator in the ICU setting. c- True due to impaired red cell membrane ATPase. d- False HYPERcalciuria and HYPERmagnisuria. e- True usually resistant to anti-arrhythmics. Q15 Answer e Volume expansion may be a cause of hypophosphatemia. You should know the causes of hypophophatemia they are commonly seen in MRCP examination. Other causes nutritional recovery syndrome parenteral nutrition insulin infusion glucose infusion alkalosis respiratory and metabolic oral phosphate binders and in the way of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Remember Hypophophatemia is USUALLY multi factorial and commonly co-exist with other electrolyte imbalance. Q16 Answer e Remember drug induced hypomagnesaemia cisplatin gentamycin and loop diuretics. Remember magnesium is very poorly absorbed orally hence oral preparations are of no use in deficiency states. Other causes chronic diarrhea