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Psychiatric Diagnosis and Classification - part 5

ngôn ngữ, văn hóa và nhận thức, thực hiện trong thế giới quan điểm, quan niệm của người và hành vi và cách tự sự hiểu biết, khác, và môi trường bên ngoài, hành vi, trong hội nhập của họ, `` làm cho "Tâm Lý. Các thuộc tính vaunted Homo sapiens (ví dụ như ngôn ngữ, nhận thức, văn hóa) được giả định là kết quả của một quá trình | EVOLUTIONARY THEORY CULTURE AND PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS 113 that language culture and cognition realized in world-views conceptions of persons and behavior and ways of understanding self other and the outside behavioral environment in their integration make up psychopathology. The vaunted properties of Homo sapiens e.g. language cognition culture are assumed to result from a slow process of natural selection during biological i.e. genetic evolution 6 . Rather than subscribing to the view that these properties are mere by-products of brain size and comparatively recent in origin a Rubicon crossing that happened once and for all during the transition to the Upper Paleolithic era they are assumed to have a much longer ancestry. Not 50 000 or so years ago but hundreds of thousands of years mark the gradual progressive march towards the human symbolic capacity 14-16 . Coincident with this pattern of slow evolution of symbolization in the hominid line behavior problems became better differentiated and began to be accorded a corresponding social and cultural significance. Varieties of psychopathology then were natural to hominid populations well before the transition to the Upper Paleolithic 6 . DEPRESSION CASE NO. 1 IN THE EVOLUTIONARY AND CULTURAL STUDY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY General Remarks Disorders associated with the mood of depression are firmly placed in the history of psychiatric nosology and systems of classification 17 They have a complex etiology pathogenesis set of manifestations and natural history. Many contemporary conditions e.g. chronic anxiety somatoform disorders fibromyalgia irritable bowel resemble or overlap with depression. The medical authenticity of depression is beyond reproach it enjoys a universal prevalence in human societies and presence in medical traditions of the world 1 Evolutionary Theory Considerations Evolutionary psychiatrists have made depression an object of analysis. Its genetic basis and high frequency have implied positive selection .