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Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook - Chapter 2

Hỗn hợp chất thải hoạt động thu thập dữ liệu thường được thực hiện đáp ứng một nhu cầu được xác định, chẳng hạn như một nhu cầu thực hiện theo quy định, để chuẩn bị cho vụ kiện tụng, hoặc để thu thập thông tin cho việc ra quyết định. Những nhu cầu cơ bản đã được sử dụng để xác định mục tiêu của dự án, tiêu chuẩn chất lượng, và các dữ liệu sử dụng cho hàng ngàn các hoạt động thu thập dữ liệu được thực hiện bởi các cơ quan liên bang và nhà nước. | Chapter Two Waste Characterization and Classification 2001 by CRC Press LLC Sample Collection Design John P. Maney Introduction Mixed waste data collection activities are usually made in response to an identified need such as a need to comply with regulations to prepare for litigation or to gather information for decisionmaking. These underlying needs have been used to define project objectives quality criteria and data use for thousands of data collection activities implemented by federal and state agencies and the regulated community. Because mixed waste data collection activities for the characterization of environmental and waste matrices have been undertaken on a substantial scale for many decades one might assume that it is a mature and refined process. Yet much interest and debate still exists regarding the data collection process. One reason for this continued interest is that the underlying needs or drivers for data collection have changed as a result of public concern regarding radioactive and hazardous waste improved sensitivity of analytical methodologies and more demanding health- and risk-based standards. Another reason for the continued interest is the complexity of the data collection process itself. Data collection usually requires that a substantial number of personnel often from different disciplines address numerous levels of detail refer to Table 2.1 on schedule and in an exacting manner. Likewise the role of suppliers data processors validators statisticians engineers project managers QA staff regulators and field and laboratory staff must be understood so that the appropriate project team can be assembled for planning and implementation. An error in any of the series of details being performed by the various team members has the potential to adversely impact data quality. The data collection process is referred to as the data life cycle by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USEPA 1997 . The USEPA defines the data life cycle as .