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Food Security and Environmental Quality in the Developing World - Part 5

Ấn Độ đã đạt được những thành tựu ấn tượng trong tăng trưởng nông nghiệp, an ninh lương thực và nông thôn xóa đói giảm nghèo từ những năm khủng hoảng lương thực của giữa những năm 1960. Sản xuất thực phẩm ngũ cốc đã tăng gần gấp đôi kể từ thời điểm đó và Ấn Độ là tự cung tự cấp trong ngũ cốc, sản xuất khoảng 180 triệu tấn ngũ cốc mỗi năm, nhiều hơn, đủ để đáp ứng nhu cầu thị trường hiện nay. Mặc dù nhiều người Ấn Độ vẫn không có một chế độ ăn uống đầy đủ, sự sẵn. | Part Five Policy Issues 2003 by CRC Press LLC Ọ r Priorities for Policy Reform in Indian Agriculture Peter Hazell CONTENTS Introduction Public Spending on Agriculture Agriculture and the Environment From Food Security to Market-Driven Growth Conclusions References INTRODUCTION India has made impressive gains in agricultural growth food security and rural poverty reduction since the food crisis years of the mid-1960s. Food-grain production has approximately doubled since that time and India is now self sufficient in cereals producing about 180 million tons of cereals each year more than enough to meet current market demand. Although many Indians still do not have an adequate diet the per capita availability of cereals has improved and the incidence of rural poverty has fallen from about two thirds of the rural population to one third today. But these favorable trends are now stalling and there is urgent need for new approaches if agriculture is to contribute to future national economic growth employment creation and poverty reduction. This chapter addresses three connected sets of issues. The first concerns the recent cutbacks in public investment in agriculture that threaten future productivity growth and poverty reduction in the rural sector. Second past patterns of agricultural growth have been environmentally destructive and there is need to redress this problem on a national scale to sustain future productivity growth in agriculture. Third there are new and favorable opportunities for market-driven growth in the agricultural sector with trade liberalization and increasing diversification of the national diet. If these opportunities are properly managed they could make significant contributions to further reductions in rural poverty. 2003 by CRC Press LLC PUBLIC SPENDING ON AGRICULTURE The Indian government s development expenditures on agriculture irrigation transportation power and rural development grew at an average annual rate of 15.1 during the 1970s by .