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Biological effects of surfactants - Chapter 6

6 Biological Effects of Surfactant-Containing Mixtures and Other Preparations Along with the biological effects of individual chemicals, representatives of synthetic surfactants, it is also necessary to characterize the biological effects of mixtures that contain synthetic surfactants. One has to keep in mind permanently that real pollution of the environment is usually complex as mentioned in Patin (1979), Fedorov (1987), Filenko (1988), Venitsianov (1992), Losev et al. (1993), Bezel et al. (1994), and Krivolutsky (1994). First of all, it is interesting to study the effects of those specific mixtures of chemicals (complex preparations and compositions) that include synthetic surfactants. Synthetic surfactants as part. | 6 Biological Effects of Surfactant-Containing Mixtures and Other Preparations Along with the biological effects of individual chemicals representatives of synthetic surfactants it is also necessary to characterize the biological effects of mixtures that contain synthetic surfactants. One has to keep in mind permanently that real pollution of the environment is usually complex as mentioned in Patin 1979 Fedorov 1987 Filenko 1988 Venitsianov 1992 Losev et al. 1993 Bezel et al. 1994 and Krivolutsky 1994 . First of all it is interesting to study the effects of those specific mixtures of chemicals complex preparations and compositions that include synthetic surfactants. Synthetic surfactants as part of these compositions are discharged to the environment. Synthetic detergents and foam detergents occupy important places among these mixtures compositions and preparations. According to estimates 2 g of synthetic surfactants daily per person per day enters the drainage system in Russia mainly owing to the use of synthetic and foam detergents Akulova and Bushtuyeva 1986 . In a number of countries this quantity is even greater in Germany it exceeds 11 g Steinberg et al. 1995 cited from Ostroumov 2000 . Foam washing compositions pollute aquatic ecosystems in large degree as a result of their use to clean pipelines tanks and vessels for storing oil products tankers etc. Also it is interesting to get comparative information about the sensitivity of the same biological tests to synthetic surfactants and other xenobiotics which is necessary to compare the degree of the ecological hazard of synthetic surfactants and other chemicals polluting the environment e.g. pesticides which were studied earlier. 6.1 Impact of Aquatic Media With Surfactant-Containing Mixtures on Hydrobionts Earlier Works Synthetic surfactants frequently enter the environment as composite mixtures Abramzon 1979 Lewis 1992 . Aquatic media in which surfactant-containing preparations are dissolved - such as oil .