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CYANIDE in WATER and SOIL: Chemistry, Risk, and Management - Chapter 23

Hệ thống vi sinh vật cho điều trị của nước thải được phát triển vào khoảng cuối những năm 1890, ban đầu cho xử lý chất thải của con người và sau đó xử lý chất thải công nghiệp. Việc điều trị đầu tiên hệ thống được chạy trong "chế độ hàng loạt", nước thải đã được tổ chức trong các lò phản ứng có chứa đá. Mặc dù vi sinh vật tự nhiên của quá trình này không hiểu rõ ràng ban đầu, bây giờ được gọi là vi khuẩn tăng trưởng trong màng sinh học gắn vào những tảng đá, sử dụng. | 23 Microbiological Technologies for Treatment of Cyanide George M. Wong-Chong and Jeanne M. VanBriesen CONTENTS 23.1 Process Fundamentals. 460 23.1.1 Inherent Biodegradability. 460 23.1.2 Presence of Capable Microorganisms. 461 23.1.3 Availability of Critical Nutrients. 462 23.1.4 Absence of Inhibitory Compounds . 462 23.1.5 System Conditions. 463 23.1.6 Contact Time . 463 23.1.7 Competitive Processes in Biotreatment Systems. 463 23.2 Wastewater Treatment Process Configurations. 464 23.2.1 Suspended Growth . 464 23.2.1.1 Batch SemiBatch and Sequencing Batch Reactors . 464 23.2.1.2 Activated Sludge. 465 23.2.2 Attached Growth. 468 23.2.2.1 Trickling Filters. 468 23.2.2.2 Rotating Biological Contactors. 468 23.2.2.3 Fluidized Bed Reactors. 469 23.2.3 Novel Processes. 470 23.2.4 Anaerobic Processes . 471 23.2.5 Process Limitations . 471 23.3 Full-Scale Applications of Biological Treatment for Cyanide in Gold Mining. 471 23.4 Biological Treatment of Solid Wastes Containing Cyanide. 472 23.5 Summary and Conclusions . 474 References . 474 Microbiological systems for the treatment of wastewaters were developed around the late 1890s initially for treatment of human waste and later for treatment of industrial wastes. The first treatment systems were run in batch mode wastewater was held in reactors containing rocks. Although the microbial nature of the process was not clearly understood initially it is now known that microbes grow in biofilms attach to the rocks utilize carbon and nitrogen compounds in the waste as a food source and thus reduce the oxygen demand the wastewaters would exert when released to the environment. To increase the amount of wastewater that could be treated and decrease problems associated with clogging two continuous processes were developed in the early 1900s trickling filters 1 and activated sludge 2 . These processes continue to dominate wastewater treatment systems to the modern day. Expanding chemical production in the 20th century led to .