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GIS Based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences - Chpater 6

Việc làm Khu vực đô thị: Xác định Nhật Bản Các khu vực đô thị và Xây dựng Cơ sở dữ liệu thống kê cho Them Đối với những người quan tâm đến phân tích hoạt động đô thị, công việc đầu tiên nên được xác định các khu vực đô thị. Định nghĩa pháp lý của một thành phố là một điểm khởi đầu tự nhiên, nhưng nhiều hoạt động đô thị mở rộng ra ngoài ranh giới thẩm quyền tài phán | 6 Urban Employment Areas Defining Japanese Metropolitan Areas and Constructing the Statistical Database for Them Yoshitsugu Kanemoto and Reiji Kurima CONTENTS 6.1 Introduction.85 6.2 The Need for a New Metropolitan-Area Definition.86 6.3 Metropolitan-Area Definitions in the U.S.87 6.4 The Structure of Japanese Metropolitan Areas.89 6.5 Defining Urban-Employment Areas.89 6.5.1 Requirements for a Core.90 6.5.2 Requirements for an Outlying Area.91 6.5.3 The Iterative Procedure for Defining UEAs.91 6.5.3.1 The First Iteration.91 6.5.3.2 The Second Iteration.92 6.5.3.3 Other Iterations.92 6.6 Urban-Employment Areas for the 1995 Population . 93 6.7 The Construction of the MEA Economic Database . 94 6.8 Conclusion . 97 Acknowledgment. 97 References. 97 6.1 Introduction For those interested in analyzing urban activity the first task should be to define urban areas. The legal definition of a city is a natural starting point but many urban activities extend beyond jurisdictional boundaries. For example many workers in large metropolitan areas commute from suburban 85 Copyright 2006 Taylor Francis Group LLC 86 GIS-based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences jurisdictions to central cities. We therefore need a definition of an urban area within which most everyday activities are undertaken. An urban area typically comprises a core area that has significant concentrations of employment which is surrounded by densely settled areas that have close commuting ties to the core. In the United States the federal government has defined metropolitan areas since 1947 and provides a variety of statistical data relating to them. There is no counterpart in Japan and the only definitions of metropolitan areas available are those proposed by a small number of researchers. Most of these adopt standards similar to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area SMSA which was in use in the 1960s and 1970s. However in the U.S. two major changes have occurred since then which reflect changes .