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Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples - Chapter 7

Các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ hiện diện trong thực phẩm nguồn gốc động vật có thể được phân loại vào hai lớn loại: chất gây ô nhiễm và dư lượng. Chất gây ô nhiễm (ví dụ, dioxin hay polychlorinated biphenyls) là những chất thêm vào đó là cố ý không để các loại thực phẩm và đó có thể nhập vào thực phẩm của họ TRONG quá trình sản xuất, chế biến, bảo quản, đóng gói, | 7 Determination of Pesticides in Food of Animal Origin Antonia Garrido Frenich Jose Luis Martinez and Adrian Covaci CONTENTS 7.1 Introduction. 177 7.2 Sample Preparation.179 7.2.1 Sample Pretreatment.187 7.2.2 Extraction Techniques. 187 7.2.3 Cleanup and Fractionation. 190 7.3 Analytical Techniques. 191 7.3.1 Gas Chromatography. 191 7.3.1.1 Enantioselective Gas Chromatography. 193 7.3.2 Liquid Chromatography. 194 7.3.3 Immunoassays. 195 7.3.4 Electroanalytical Techniques. 196 7.4 Internal Quality Control. 196 7.4.1 Basic Activities of IQC in Pesticide Analysis. 196 7.4.2 Internal Quality Control Measures . 197 7.5 Application to Real Samples . 198 7.5.1 Organochlorine Pesticides . 198 7.5.2 Organophosphorus Pesticides . 199 7.5.3 Other Pesticides. 199 7.6 Emerging Issues in Analytical Methods.200 Acknowledgments. 201 References.201 7.1 INTRODUCTION Organic pollutants present in foods of animal origin can be classified into two large categories contaminants and residues. Contaminants e.g. dioxins or polychlorinated biphenyls are substances that are not added deliberately to the foods and that can enter into foods during their production process transformation storage packed 2007 by Taylor Francis Group LLC. transport or fraudulent practices. Residues are compounds that can occur in foodstuffs as a consequence of intentional usage of phytosanitary or veterinary products during plant or animal production. Therefore pesticides found incorporated or onto the surface of foods belong to the residues group. Pesticides are a group of chemicals used either to directly control pest populations or to prevent or reduce pest damage on crops landscape or animals. In consequence pesticides may be present in fresh or processed animal foods if animals have been fed with contaminated feed or water or from practices involving pesticides in places where animals are living stables beehives or in food-processing factories. Pesticides are classified into several classes according to the .