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The examinations of achene ultrastructural features of section Acrolophus (Centaurea, Asteraceae) via scanning electron microscopy

In this study, the achene surfaces of 31 taxa belonging to the genus Centaurea L. were examined in detail by means of electron microscopy. The main aim of this study was to characterize the microsculpture of the achene surface of the Turkish species of Centaurea sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC. (Asteraceae). | Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2016) 40: 147-163 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1503-51 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article The examinations of achene ultrastructural features of section Acrolophus (Centaurea, Asteraceae) via scanning electron microscopy 1 2, 2 2,3 2 2 Feyza CANDAN , Tuna UYSAL *, Osman TUGAY , Meryem BOZKURT , Kuddisi ERTUĞRUL , Hakkı DEMİRELMA 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey 3 Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey Received: 30.03.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 29.06.2015 Final Version: 09.02.2016 Abstract: In this study, the achene surfaces of 31 taxa belonging to the genus Centaurea L. were examined in detail by means of electron microscopy. The main aim of this study was to characterize the microsculpture of the achene surface of the Turkish species of Centaurea sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC. (Asteraceae). Detailed descriptions of the achene surface were given for each taxon and a fruitful dendrogram was established by numerical analyses derived from the determined micromorphological features. The relationships among the taxa studied were briefly assessed using this generated dendrogram. The results indicated that the examined taxa had very high variations regarding their achene surfaces and these variations have great importance in determining the taxonomic relationships of the discussed taxa. According to the results, pericarp texture and color could be used for taxonomical diagnosis of the Acrolophus species because they contain differences over a broad spectrum. The fruit coat was usually roguish and its ornamentation was fairly variable; therefore, this taxonomical microcharacter might also be useful in distinguishing closely related taxa. The hairiness of the surface of the pericarp was characteristic in all Acrolophus .