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english sound structure part 5

english sound structure part 5. Bài tập luyện ngữ pháp tiếng anh cho mọi người, đây là tài liệu hay và hữu ích có thể giúp các bạn có thể nắm vững được các ngữ pháp tiếng anh cụ thể. | 44 Constituency How many timing slots does a syllable have to have before it qualifies as heavy And do all slots in a syllable contribute to its weight The stressed syllables in 15 both contain three timing points. But comparison of these forms with say payola reveals that a consonant does not necessarily have to be present in the initial portion of a syllable in order for the syllable to count as heavy 16 x X x p e y x x I I X x I I 1 a o w To calculate weight it seems we only need to take into account the vowel and whatever follows. Light syllables are those in which only one slot is occupied by the vowel and no other material follows. The final syllables in 15 and 16 are of this type and thus fail to attract stress. Allowing for extra-metricality we find the same final light pattern in a form such as horizon 17 x x x x x x x x em II I I I I I I ho rayzo n The fact that weight is measured without regard to whatever precedes the vowel within the syllable is confirmed when we increase the number of syllable-initial consonants beyond one. The second syllable of for example Katrina is no heavier than the stressed syllables of aroma or payóla even though it begins with two consonants. Take a form such as álgebra syllabified as in 18a . 18 a x X x x I 1 x X X ae 1 1 1 J 9 b r a b x X 1 1 x x X x ae f r 9 k a The final syllable of algebra has three skeletal slots as many as the heavy syllables in 15 . However it counts as light as is evident from the fact that it fails to attract stress. Instead the word is stressed like those in 13d i.e. on the antepenult in accordance with condition 14d . For a similar reason Africa 18b also bears antepenultimate stress in this case it is the second syllable of the word that contains CCV but still counts as light. Thus in establishing the weight of a syllable we only count material appearing in a span which runs from the left edge of the vowel to the right edge of the syllable. In the data we have looked at so far if this span .