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RECONCEIVING THE FAMILY Phần 2

Xấu hổ sau khi đê tiện đủ ràng buộc với cộng đồng thừa nhận và tôn trọng phán quyết của mình và đưa nó vào heart.45 Tất nhiên, người ta thường kinh nghiệm cảm giác giống như xấu hổ vì những lý do rất khác nhau. | 38 Scott FitzGibbon and one s loss of good repute. Shame follows when the miscreant is sufficiently bound to the community to acknowledge and respect its judgment and to take it to heart.45 Of course people often experience shame-like feelings for very different reasons. A mugger might experience shame as a result of having failed to steal a wallet - ashamed in other words of not having violated an obligation. Many people seem to become ashamed about things that are not disgraceful such as being poor unpopular or unemployed. Therefore the definition set forth above identifies a high or central case of shame the sort of shame that can fit into the analysis which follows and which participates in the social good.46 Defective economies of honor and shame are discussed briefly in Parts IV and V of this chapter. B. The Good of Shame Shame participates in the good of knowledge in one of its most painfully difficult forms namely knowledge of oneself as delictual imperfect and morally flawed. A society that develops an economy of honor and shame holds up a mirror to fallen mankind. It provides the external point of view that is necessary for the development of full self-knowledge. Gabrielle Taylor notes in feeling shame the actor thinks of himself as having become an object of detached observation and at the core to feel shame is to feel distress at being seen at all. 47 Peter French observes It is that point of view - of seeing oneself as being seen or possibly being seen in a certain way as exposed - that motivates the self-critical and selfdirected judgment that produces shame reactions. 48 Shame leads to the reestablishment of modesty and the restoration of a character which is perceptive in self-appraisal and firm in matters of conduct. Shame supports the legal order. As Plato says in The Laws shame secures obedience w hen ignoble boldness appears . the laws of a good lawgiver will be able to send in as a combatant the noblest sort of fear accompanied by justice the .