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A DICTIONARY OF BASIC JAPANESE GRAMMAR – PART 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'a dictionary of basic japanese grammar – part 3', ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | dõ 115 4. The idiomatic expression dõ shite lit. doing what is used to ask manners reasons or causes. Examples 2 E 9 LT LT V ÂyTT o Dõ shite nihongo o benkyõshite iru n desuka. How In what way are you studying Japanese Why are you studying Japanese 3 9 LTttnyt T-r o Kono ki Wd dõ shite kareta n desu ka. Why did this tree die As seen in 2 unless the context is clear dõ shite is sometimes ambiguous. The interrogative adverb naze why is unambiguous but less colloquial than dõ shite. 116 e e prt. Iuilllllllllllll J a particle that indicates the direction toward which some directional move-ị ment or action proceeds Eg Key Sentence to towards REL. made ni4 n 7 Noun location Watashi wa senshu Kyoto e ryokõ ni itta 1 ikimashita. I went on a trip to Kyoto last week. a 9 Watashi wa Sapporo no uchi e hikõki de kaetta. I went back home to Sapporo by plane. b Jishin datta node isoide soto e deta. It was an earthquake so I went outside quickly. c Chichi e tegami o dashita ga mada henji ga konai. I sent a letter to my father but his reply has not come yet. Related Expressions I. The particles e made and ni7 focus on direction course up to and point of contact respectively. Thus 1 IIS If Harubaru Tokyo made ini e k ta. I came all the way to Tokyo. 2 Ol Tokyo ni e made juniji ni tsuita. I arrived in Tokyo at 12 00 o clock. 3 3 9 fe Ị titẤ o Nyủyõku e Ị made Ị ni no bin wa mõ arimasen. There isn t any flight to as far as New York any more. e 117 4 9o Koko made e ni no michi wa warukatta deshõ. Your way here must have been rough. In actuality native speakers use e and ni1 of point of contact almost interchangeably except in the case of 3 i.e. ni cannot be followed by no . Hl II. Even the 7 4 of direct contact meaning into onto can be replaced by e as in 5 O-furo ni Ị e haitta. Lit. I entered into a bath. 1 took a bath. 6 Tsukue no ue ni I e notta. I got onto the table. 7 Kokuban ni I e kanji o kaita. I wrote kanji on the blackboard.