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A DICTIONARY OF BASIC JAPANESE GRAMMAR – PART 5

Tham khảo tài liệu 'a dictionary of basic japanese grammar – part 5', ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | mama 239 g LT V X v I ma no mama ni shite oite kudasai. Please leave it as it is now. Notes 1. The verb before mama has to be nonpast if the verb is negative as in 1 . 1 a. b T Doa o shimenai mama dekakete shimatta. I left my house with the door open. Sayõnara no aisatsu mo shinai mama itte shimatta. She went away without even saying goodbye. If a verb that precedes mama o is non-volitional the verb can be nonpast even if the main transitive verb is past as shown in 2 2 a. I war er u I war eta mama o haratta. I paid money as I was told to. b. Omotte iru ita mama o kaite mita. I wrote exactly as I felt. 2. When mama is followed directly by a verb other than surd as in KS A and Exs. a b and e de can be inserted between mama and the verb. Thus KS A can be rephrased as follows 3 I Lầ o7c0 Otõto wa terebi o tsuketa mama de nete shimatta. Lit. My younger brother left the TV on and went to sleep. My younger brother went to sleep leaving the TV on. The difference between the mama version and the mama de version is minimal the latter sounds more like a coordinate construction as illustrated by the literary translation of 3 . Related Expressions Vinf nonpast neg mama can be paraphrased using nai de or ZU nif as in 1 ftl T Tl-ttỈTHỷX Doa o shimenai mama Ị nai de I ZU ni dekakete shimatta. He left his house with the door open. 240 mama mashõ The mama version focuses on the unaltered situation but the nai de I ZU ni versions focus primarily on the negative aspect of the verb. The translation of the former and the latter are He left with the door open. and He left without closing the door. respectively. nai de mashõ L fc 5 aux. a verb ending which indicates the first person s volition or invitation in formal speech I We will do s.t. Let s do s.t. REL. ma sen ka 4 Key Sentences A Subject first person Vmasu Watashi 5 ga fc 1- kare ni BĨL hanashi L X 9 o mashỏ. Í will talk to him. Nmasu ftfew - Eiga ni iki ẳ L X 9 o mashõ. Let s go to a movie. Formation Nmasu ẳ L i mashõ 0 Lẳ Lx 9