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A DICTIONARY OF BASIC JAPANESE GRAMMAR – PART 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'a dictionary of basic japanese grammar – part 10', ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | yõda 549 o ti tz ìi ộ tỉ It seems that s.o. is was a teacher. sensei no I sensei datta yõda iv Demonstrative X 7 t yõda X 7 ỈỈ It seems so. sono yõda Examples a Tfctt ề ưỉi ậ o 7 tỉ X 7 tỉo Kimura-san wa kinõ o-sake 0 nonda yõda. It seems that Mr. Kimura drank sake yesterday. b Kono mondai wa gakusei ni wa chono muzukashii yõda. This problem seems to be a little difficult for the students. c ftir fé fcX7Ắ o Koko wa mukashi gakkõ datta yõda. It seems that this place used to be a school. d r. o X 7 tzo Kono sake wa mizu no yõda. This sake is like water. k Notes J 1. Yõda expresses the likelihood of s.t. S.O. or the likeness of s.t. s.o. to s.t. s.o. In either case when the speaker uses yỏda his statement is based on firsthand reliable information usually visual information . 2. Yõda can be used in counter-factual situations as in Ex. d . In this case the adverb marude just can be used for emphasis. 1 AHề7 Ẳío Kimura-san wa marude sake o nonda yõda. Mr. Kimura looks as if he had just drunk sake. 2 0 Aox 7 -c-fo Ano hito wa marude nihonjin no yõdesu. That person is just like a Japanese person. 3. Yõda is a na-type adjective and has the prenominal form yõna and the adverbial form yõni. yõnỉ2 Examples lllllllllllllll 550 yõda 3 Kyõ ĩanaka-san no yõna hỉto o mimashita. I saw a man who looked like Mr. Tanaka. 4 X c X Sumisu-san wa nihonjin no yõni nihongo o hanashimasu. Mr. Smith speaks Japanese like a Japanese. 4. The colloquial version of yõda is mitaida which is also a rza-type adjective. The uses of mitaida are exactly the same as those for yõda. The formation rules are as follows 5 V Adj inf mitaida 6 Adj na stem NỊ ứ Ị tzotz J tz tz m da ưa mitaida Related Expressions The conjecture expressions s darõị s rashii and s soda2 convey ideas similar to s yõda. The differences are as follows A s darõ expresses the speaker s conjecture but it is not necessarily based on any information. In other words s darõ can be used when the speaker is merely guessing. b s rashii usually