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Báo cáo y học: " Science review: Key inflammatory and stress pathways in critical illness – the central role of the Toll-like receptors"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về y học đề tài: Science review: Key inflammatory and stress pathways in critical illness – the central role of the Toll-like receptors. | Available online http ccforum.eom content 7 1 39 Review Science review Key inflammatory and stress pathways in critical illness - the central role of the Toll-like receptors Bruce Beutler Professor Department of Immunology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla California USA Correspondence Bruce Beutler bruce@scripps.edu Published online 18 September 2002 Critical Care 2003 7 39-46 DOI 10.1186 cc1828 This article is online at http ccforum.com content 7 1 39 2003 BioMed Central Ltd Print ISSN 1364-8535 Online ISSN 1466-609X Abstract A pure reductionist approach can sometimes be used to solve an exceptionally complicated biologic problem and sepsis is nothing if not complicated. A serious infection promptly leads to changes in many aspects of host physiology including alterations in circulation metabolism renal hepatic and neuroendocrine function all of these changes happen at once and each influences one another. It is difficult to tease apart a problem of this sort if only because the systems affected are so profoundly interactive. The key to understanding sepsis insofar as we do understand it at present was found in the use of genetic tools to study the very earliest events that take place at the interface of the pathogen and the host. The continued application of both forward and reverse genetic methods in both mammals and insects is steadily revealing the central biochemical events that occur during infection. Keywords forward genetics infection innate immunity sepsis shock Toll-like receptors tumor necrosis factor The revelation that germs cause disease did not much alter medicine at first. Many years elapsed before the first effective systemic antimicrobial agents were designed and used in human patients. Although it was an enormous advance antimicrobial chemotherapy did not put an end to the problem of infections or certainly to the consequences of infections. As the science of microbial pathogenesis advanced the toxic molecules produced by bacteria and .