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Teaching academic ESL writing part 31

Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 31', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 288 CHAPTER 11 teach because parallel sentence elements are highly regular and predictable in their rigidity. To begin the uses of coordinating conjunctions with simple sentences require that identical or repeated sentence elements be omitted. For example 1 We measured the thickness of the bar before applying the solvent and we measured the thickness after applying the solvent. In this sentence several elements are repeated in the second sentence the subject the verb and the object as well as the gerund applying the solvent following the preposition after. It is possible to think of these repeated elements as simplifying a basic algebraic expression 2a 2b 2 a b when the common elements between the two sentences are placed at the beginning of the sentence and apply equally to all subsequent elements. In this case the second occurrences of we measured the thickness of the bar and applying the solvent would be extracted 2 We measured the thickness of the bar before applying the solvent and. after. Then the and. after elements that are now left behind with nothing to conjoin should be moved forward to join the lonely before with and . after 3 We measured the thickness of the bar before and after applying the solvent. The same approach can also be used to eliminate repeated elements of phrases as in the following examples can be measured and can be increased - can be measured and . increased the metal spoon and the metal bowl - the metal spoon and . bowl large factories wholesalers and big retailers - large factories wholesalers and retailers Another important point to make about using coordinate conjunctions is that they conjoin series of elements that have to be of the same type e.g. nouns noun phrases or gerunds see chap. 5 verbs or verb phrases of the same tense and number adjective or adjective phrases or prepositional phrases . In effect the term parallel structure refers to a string of elements that are similar to beads in a necklace They can be a little bit .