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Báo cáo y học: "Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học ngành y học tạp chí Medical Sciences dành cho các bạn sinh viên ngành y tham khảo đề tài: Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. | Int. J. Med. Sci. 2005 2 1 50 International Journal of Medical Sciences ISSN 1449-1907 www.medsci.org 2005 2 1 50-57 2005 Ivyspring International Publisher. All rights reserved Review Received 2004.10.01 Accepted 2005.01.01 Published 2005.01.05 Abstract Key words Author biography Corresponding address Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Jinlin Hou1 Zhihua Liu1 and Fan Gu2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit Nanfang Hospital Nanfang Medical University Guangzhou China 2Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan China Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. Ithas been estimated that there are 350 million chronic hepatitis B virus HBV carriers worldwide. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies geographically from high 8 intermediate 2-7 to low 2 prevalence. HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B e-CHB and occult HBV infection are two special clinical entities and the prevalence and clinical implications remain to be explored. The predominant routes of transmission vary according to the endemicity of the HBV infection. In areas with high HBV endemicity perinatal transmission is the main route of transmission whereas in areas with low HBV endemicity sexual contact amongst high-risk adults is the predominant route. HBV has been classified into 7 genotypes i.e. A to G based on the divergence of entire genome sequence and HBV genotypes have distinct geographical distributions. Three main strategies have been approved to be effective in preventing HBV infection. They are behavior modification passive immunoprophylaxis and active immunization. The implement of mass HBV immunization program is recommended by the WHO since 1991 and has dramatically decreased the prevalence of hBv infection and HCC in many countries. Hepatitis B infection Epidemiology Prevention HBV immunization Jinlin Hou MD is Director and Professor of Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases .