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English in the Southern United States phần 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'english in the southern united states phần 6', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Vowel shifting in the southern states 127 Figure 8.1 Southern Vowel Shift Labov 1994 209 Moreover Labov and his team have conducted a telephone survey of the entire South as part of their larger Telsur project a massive telephone survey of the United States and English-speaking Canada resulting in the Atlas of North American English Labov Ash and Boberg forthcoming . Other work in which vowel shifting is only a part of wider-ranging investigations include a number of studies based on data from Texas Thomas and Bailey 1998 Bailey and Thomas 1998 North Carolina Wolfram and Schilling-Estes 1996 Schilling-Estes 1997 and Maryland Schilling-Estes 1997 and of African Americans Bailey 1997b Thomas 1997 . Since the focus of these studies is more on the shifting of particular vowels generally ay or aw or on the direction or existence of their glides these studies will enter the discussion only marginally. Separate mention must be made of Thomas 2001 which presents vowel charts for 116 speakers across the South plus thirty-three African Americans.1 Extensive references to work connected with all these varieties accompany the vowel charts as well as some remarks concerning vowel shifting. Thomas inventory of vowels across the South undoubtedly will provide data for many more general analyses in the future but is not intended to address the specific topic of vowel shifts. For that reason it will not be mentioned further with the exception of its material on African-American vowels - the most extensive study of African-American vowels to date. First I will discuss the place of African-American vowels in these studies. Then 1 will present the overview of the South provided by Labov et al. forthcoming . Next I will discuss Baranowski s and Fridland s work in Charleston and Memphis and then my own work in Alabama. Lastly I will discuss the interrelations of these various projects especially their differing methodologies including selection of speakers. 2 African-American vowel .