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The Future Governance of Citizenship Part 4

Các yếu tố khác có thể được dệt trong súc kiến thức địa phương được thông qua ngày thông qua xã hội hoá, trong khi những người khác có thể được trôi nổi tự do hoặc thậm chí trong một nhà nước của marginality. | 63 The nationality model of citizenship and its Critics structures institutions discourses or broader categories such as ways of life and heritage.24 Some of them may become embedded in institutions. Other elements may be woven in webs of local knowledge that are passed on through socialisation while others maybe free-floating or even in a state of marginality. As Comaroff and Comaroff 1992 p. 27 have noted cultures are open incoherent ensembles of signifiers in action some of which may be tightly integrated into explicit world views others may be heavily contested forming the subject of counter ideologies and subcultures and others may be relatively free floating. On such a constructivist reasoning culture emerges as the flow of signs and meanings 25 a field of contestation and negotiation the locus of co-operation and competition and a reservoir of resources and possibilities which at times may be progressive and at other times may be constraining. Culture as antiform I have argued thus far that the appropriation of the container view of culture by national hegemonic narratives and by counter-hegemonic projects has brought about the hypertrophy of culture in contemporary political life and academic discourse. Accordingly the impact of national culture on personal and collective identities tends to be over-exaggerated while at the same time the wider sociopolitical context tends to be bracketed. This creates the false impression that cultures are bounded deeply rooted coherent and stable amalgams of beliefs and practices and that it is cultural difference per se that creates instability and conflict. Against this background a more contextual and anti-essentialist approach that draws on anthropological insights and constructivism may be a more promising line of inquiry. A contextual approach would have to focus on culture s socio-political context that is it would have to situate within ongoing processes of social interaction meaning-making and value-assigning. .