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EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF ECONOMICS phần 4

và kinh nghiệm liên quan đến việc nguồn gốc và quá trình hoạt động kinh tế trên một phần của hầu hết đàn ông. chính xác như xa như kinh nghiệm thông thường. Nhiệm vụ của các nhà lý thuyết luôn luôn kết thúc kết thúc phổ biến kinh nghiệm và khoa học phải thu thập các quan sát của mình bằng cách điều tra lịch sử, thống kê hoặc bởi | The Task and Scope of the Science of Human Action 23 content of common economic experience. The consciousness of every economically active human being he continues provides him with a fund of experiences that are the common possession of all who practice economy. These are experiences that every theorist already finds within himself without first having to resort to special scientific procedures. They are experiences concerning facts of the external world as for instance the existence of goods and their orders experiences concerning facts of an internal character such as the existence of human needs and concerning the consequences of this fact and experiences concerning the origin and course of economic action on the part of most men. The scope of economic theory extends exactly as far as common experience. The task of the theorist always ends where common experience ends and where science must collect its observations by historical or statistical investigation or by whatever other means may be deemed reliable.28 It is clear that what Wieser calls common experience in contradistinction to the other kind is not the experience with which the empirical sciences are concerned. The method of economics which Wieser himself calls the psychological method but which at the same time he also sharply distinguishes from psychology consists he says in looking outward from within the consciousness while the natural scientist and therefore empirical science observes the facts only from without. Wieser sees the cardinal error of Schumpeter precisely in his belief that the method of the natural sciences is suitable also for economic theory. Economics Wieser maintains finds that certain acts are performed in the consciousness with the feeling of necessity. Why then should it first go to the trouble of deriving a law from a long chain of induction when everyone clearly hears the voice of the law within himself 29 28Friedrich von Wieser Theorie der gesellschaftlichen Wirtschaft .