Another limitation of the literature is that minorities have been dramatically under- represented in psycho-oncology research (Anderson, 1992). Further, although the research demonstrates the importance of the spousal relationship during the cancer experience, there is a lack of controlled research concerning couples or family interventions. Finally, a crucial question that remains unanswered is determining what these findings mean in terms of clinical intervention and care. It is yet unclear if precise psychosocial factors can be manipulated to effect quality of life and disease outcome. Despite these limitations, the current literature holds important clinical implications for the field that will be dis- cussed later in the article
