Muscles as organs of the will, of character, and even of thought--The muscular virtues--Fundamental and accessory muscles and functions--The development of the mind and of the upright position--Small muscles as organs of thought--School lays too much stress upon these--Chorea--Vast numbers of automatic movements in children--Great variety of spontaneous activities--Poise, control, and spurtiness--Pen and tongue wagging--Sedentary school life vs. free out-of-door activities--Modern decay of muscles, especially in girls--Plasticity of motor habits at puberty.