This chapter examines the activities needed to install an information system and successfully convert an organization to using it. It also discusses postimplementation activities, such as system support, system maintenance, and project assessment. Installing the system and making it available for use from a technical perspective is relatively straightforward. However, the training and organizational issues surrounding the installation are more complex and challenging because they focus on people, not computers. | Chapter 14: Installation and Operations Objectives Be familiar with the system installation process. Understand different types of conversion strategies and when to use them. Understand several techniques for managing change. Be familiar with post-installation processes. Installation & Operations Managing the change to a new system is one of the most difficult tasks in any organization Conversion planning normally begins while the programmers are still coding Change management focuses on people Maintenance can account for 80% of IS budget Implementing Change As-Is System To-Be System Transition Unfreeze Analysis & Design Move Technical Conversion Change Management Refreeze Support & Maintenance CULTURAL ISSUES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Cultural Issues Power distance Uncertainty-avoidance Individualism vs. collectivism Masculinity vs. femininity Long vs. short-term orientation CONVERSION Conversion Conversion is the technical process by which a new system replaces an old system Three | Chapter 14: Installation and Operations Objectives Be familiar with the system installation process. Understand different types of conversion strategies and when to use them. Understand several techniques for managing change. Be familiar with post-installation processes. Installation & Operations Managing the change to a new system is one of the most difficult tasks in any organization Conversion planning normally begins while the programmers are still coding Change management focuses on people Maintenance can account for 80% of IS budget Implementing Change As-Is System To-Be System Transition Unfreeze Analysis & Design Move Technical Conversion Change Management Refreeze Support & Maintenance CULTURAL ISSUES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Cultural Issues Power distance Uncertainty-avoidance Individualism vs. collectivism Masculinity vs. femininity Long vs. short-term orientation CONVERSION Conversion Conversion is the technical process by which a new system replaces an old system Three major steps to a conversion plan Acquire and install needed hardware Install software Convert data Three dimensions to a conversion plan Conversion style Conversion location Conversion modules Conversion Strategies Selecting Conversion Strategies Risk, cost, and time: choose any two Risk Even after testing, bugs may exist Cost Redundant resources for transitions can be pricey Time Slow and safe or fast and risky? Elements of Migration Plans CHANGE MANAGEMENT Change Management The process of helping people adopt & adapt to the to-be system and its accompanying work processes without undue stress Key roles Sponsor Change agent Potential adopters “Build it and they will come” doesn’t work! Resistance to Change What is good for the organization is often not good for the people in it People perform their own personal cost-benefit analysis Most will overestimate costs and underestimate benefits Must take into account the transition process cost Perceived costs and benefits determine .
