This lecture presents the key concepts related to web application design. In this chapter, the following content will be discussed: Patterns, effective design patterns; describing patterns; types of patterns; design tasks; user interface design patterns. | Chapter 20 – Systems of Systems Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 1 26/11/2014 Topics covered System complexity System of systems classification Reductionism and complex systems Systems of systems engineering Systems of systems architecture Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 2 26/11/2014 Systems of systems More and more systems are being constructed by integrated existing, independent systems A system of systems is a system that contains two or more independently managed elements. There is no single manager for all of the parts of the system of systems and that different parts of a system are subject to different management and control policies and rules. 26/11/2014 Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 3 Examples of systems of systems A cloud management system that handles local private cloud management and management of servers on public clouds such as Amazon and Microsoft. An online banking system that handles loan requests and which connects to a credit reference system provided by credit reference agency to check the credit of applicants. An emergency information system that integrates information from police, ambulance, fire and coastguard services about the assets available to deal with civil emergencies such as flooding and large-scale accidents. 26/11/2014 Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 4 Essential characteristics of SoS Operational independence of system elements Managerial independence of system elements Evolutionary development Emergence of system characteristics Geographic distribution of system elements Data intensive (data >> code) Heterogeneity 26/11/2014 Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 5 System complexity 26/11/2014 Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 6 Complexity All systems are composed of parts (elements) with relationships between these elements of the system. For example, the parts of a program may be objects and the parts of each object may be constants, variables and methods. Examples of relationships include ‘calls’ (method A calls method B), ‘inherits-from’ (object | Chapter 20 – Systems of Systems Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 1 26/11/2014 Topics covered System complexity System of systems classification Reductionism and complex systems Systems of systems engineering Systems of systems architecture Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 2 26/11/2014 Systems of systems More and more systems are being constructed by integrated existing, independent systems A system of systems is a system that contains two or more independently managed elements. There is no single manager for all of the parts of the system of systems and that different parts of a system are subject to different management and control policies and rules. 26/11/2014 Chapter 20 Systems of Systems 3 Examples of systems of systems A cloud management system that handles local private cloud management and management of servers on public clouds such as Amazon and Microsoft. An online banking system that handles loan requests and which connects to a credit reference system provided by credit .
