The results of temperature, strain and stress distribution at various strain rates were reported. The strain/stress distribution exhibited a heterogeneous distribution, indicating inhomogeneity during hot forging. | Strain rate-strain stress relationship during isothermal forging A Deform-3D FEM Engineering Solid Mechanics 8 2020 1-6 Contents lists available at GrowingScience Engineering Solid Mechanics homepage esm Strain rate-strain stress relationship during isothermal forging A Deform-3D FEM Japheth Obikoa Fredrick Mwemab c and Esther T. Akinlabic a Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture amp Technology Nairobi Kenya b Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Private Bag Nyeri Kenya c University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Campus Johannesburg South Africa A R T I C L EI N F O ABSTRACT Article history A DeformTM-3D analysis was used to illustrate the effect of strain rate on isothermal deformation Received 24 August 2019 forging of X20CrMoV121 steel. The simulation process was conducted at an isothermal Accepted 15 September 2019 temperature of 850 C and varying the strain rates of s-1 2 s -1 and 3 s-1. The results of Available online temperature strain and stress distribution at various strain rates were reported. The strain stress 15 September 2019 Keywords distribution exhibited a heterogeneous distribution indicating inhomogeneity during hot forging. Deformation It was also shown that the deformation inhomogeneity decreased with the increase in the strain DeformTM-3D rate. The results are comparable to experimental publications indicating that DeformTM-3D is an Hot forging effective tool for finite element analysis of hot deformation processes. Strain rate 2020 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Forging process is one of the oldest methods for metalworking which is largely used to achieve a refined and homogeneous microstructure Equbal et al. 2014 . However it is not practical to achieve a homogeneous microstructure due to the effects of deformation conditions and parameters Christiansen et al. 2016 . During open die forging process the anvil-workpiece friction resulting from shear stresses lead to heat generation .
