In this study, we synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA) on polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 (PVA/TiO2) in which TiO2 was prepared by the sol-gel method. HA was formed by immersing the membrane in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. We improved the mechanical strength of the membranes by adding glutaraldehyde (GA) combining with heat treatment to cross-link the polymer network. | Cite this paper Vietnam J. Chem. 2023 61 6 741-754 Research Article DOI Fabrication and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol TiO2 membrane immersed in simulated body fluid for biomedical application Dien Thi My Nguyen1 2 Khanh Do Gia Huynh1 2 Thuy Thanh Doan Nguyen1 2 Vu Tan Huynh1 2 Phuong Tuyet Nguyen1 2 Linh Thuy Ba Nguyen3 1 Faculty of Chemistry University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Ward 4 District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Viet Nam 2 Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Viet Nam 3 Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Eastman Dental Institute University College London Royal Free Hospital London United Kingdom Submitted January 21 2023 Revised May 4 2023 Accepted May 28 2023 Abstract In this study we synthesized hydroxyapatite HA on polyvinyl alcohol TiO2 PVA TiO2 in which TiO2 was prepared by the sol-gel method. HA was formed by immersing the membrane in the simulated body fluid SBF solution. We improved the mechanical strength of the membranes by adding glutaraldehyde GA combining with heat treatment to cross-link the polymer network. In addition the composition of TiO2 crystalline phase TiO2 content in each membrane and the duration of membrane immersion in SBF solution were investigated. The morphological structures of hydroxyapatite polyvinyl alcohol TiO2 HA PVA TiO2 membranes were characterized by IR SEM and XRD. We confirmed that the HA formation depended on the TiO2 content and phase composition rutile or anatase . Membranes containing TiO2 rutile-phase showed more pronounced HA formation than membranes containing TiO2 anatase-phase. The appearance of HA also depended on SBF immersion duration. Membranes soaked for 3 weeks showed significantly more HA formation than membranes soaked for 1 and 2 weeks. Furthermore the number of cells in membranes soaked for 3 weeks was clearly higher than in other membranes. Finally HA PVA TiO2 membranes containing 25 wt. of .
