Tham khảo tài liệu 'chương 17 thuế và chi tiêu chính phủ', kinh doanh - tiếp thị, quản trị kinh doanh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Chapter 17 Taxes and government spending David Begg, Stanley Fischer and Rudiger Dornbusch, Economics, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000 Power Point presentation by Peter Smith Government spending in the UK The scale of government spending has changed over the past four decades. It is now running at just under 40%. 17. Based on data in Table 17-1 of the main text. Government spending EQUITY a progressive tax and transfer system redistributes income from rich to poor EFFICIENCY correction of market failure may improve resource allocation We may justify government spending on two grounds: 17. Private and public goods A private good if consumed by one person, cannot be consumed by another person. . dental treatment A public good even if consumed by one person, can still be consumed by other people. . street lighting There are strong externalities associated with public goods, so government intervention may be justified to ensure appropriate provision. 17. See Section 17-2 | Chapter 17 Taxes and government spending David Begg, Stanley Fischer and Rudiger Dornbusch, Economics, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000 Power Point presentation by Peter Smith Government spending in the UK The scale of government spending has changed over the past four decades. It is now running at just under 40%. 17. Based on data in Table 17-1 of the main text. Government spending EQUITY a progressive tax and transfer system redistributes income from rich to poor EFFICIENCY correction of market failure may improve resource allocation We may justify government spending on two grounds: 17. Private and public goods A private good if consumed by one person, cannot be consumed by another person. . dental treatment A public good even if consumed by one person, can still be consumed by other people. . street lighting There are strong externalities associated with public goods, so government intervention may be justified to ensure appropriate provision. 17. See Section 17-2 of the main text Merit goods and bads Merit goods (bads) goods (bads) that society thinks everyone ought to have (ought not to have) regardless of whether they are wanted by each individual. . Education, health services, cigarettes The government may spend money on compulsory education or compulsory vaccination because it recognizes that otherwise individuals act in a way they will subsequently regret. 17. See Section 17-2 in the main text. Varieties of taxes Direct taxes taxes on earnings from labour, rents, dividends and interest. . income tax, corporation tax Indirect taxes taxes levied on expenditures on goods and services . VAT, duty on alcohol Wealth taxes capital transfer tax, tax on property 17. See Section 17-3 in the main text. Employers pay the green area, and workers the blue. A tax on wages Hours worked Wage L W DD SS With no tax, the labour market is in equilibrium at wage W, hours L. L' SS' W' W'' With a tax, labour supply is effectively at SS', workers
