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Báo cáo hóa học: "Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) at the heart of heterologous prime-boost vaccines and regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) at the heart of heterologous prime-boost vaccines and regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity | Bot et al. Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8 132 http www.translational-medicine.eom content 8 1 132 JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE REVIEW Open Access Programmed cell death-1 PD-1 at the heart of heterologous prime-boost vaccines and regulation of CD8 T cell immunity Adrian Bot Zhiyong Qiu Raymond Wong Mihail Obrocea Kent A Smith Abstract Developing new vaccination strategies and optimizing current vaccines through heterologous prime-boost carries the promise of integrating the benefits of different yet synergistic vectors. It has been widely thought that the increased immunity afforded by heterologous prime-boost vaccination is mainly due to the minimization of immune responses to the carrier vectors which allows a progressive build up of immunity against defined epitopes and the subsequent induction of broader immune responses against pathogens. Focusing on CD8 T cells we put forward a different yet complementary hypothesis based primarily on the systematic analysis of DNA vaccines as priming agents. This hypothesis relies on the finding that during the initiation of immune response acquisition of co-inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death-1 PD-1 is determined by the pattern of antigen exposure in conjunction with Toll-like receptor TLR -dependent stimulation critically affecting the magnitude and profile of secondary immunity. This hypothesis based upon the acquisition and co-regulation of pivotal inhibitory receptors by CD8 T cells offers a rationale for gene-based immunization as an effective priming strategy and in addition outlines a new dimension to immune homeostasis during immune reaction to pathogens. Finally this model implies that new and optimized immunization approaches for cancer and certain viral infections must induce highly efficacious T cells refractory to a broad range of immune-inhibiting mechanisms rather than solely or primarily focusing on the generation of large pools of vaccine-specific lymphocytes. The magic of .