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báo cáo hóa học:" HIV-related restrictions on entry, residence and stay in the WHO European Region: a survey"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : HIV-related restrictions on entry, residence and stay in the WHO European Region: a survey | Lazarus et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010 13 2 http www.jiasociety.Org content 13 1 2 JOURNALOF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY RESEARCH Open Access HIV-related restrictions on entry residence and stay in the WHO European Region a survey Jeffrey V Lazarus1 2 3 Nadja Curth2t Matthew Weait3t Srdan Matic1 Abstract Background Back in 1987 the World Health Organization WHO concluded that the screening of international travellers was an ineffective way to prevent the spread of HIV. However some countries still restrict the entrance and or residency of foreigners with an HIV infection. HIV-related travel restrictions have serious implications for individual and public health and violate internationally recognized human rights. In this study we reviewed the current situation regarding HIV-related travel restrictions in the 53 countries of the WHO European Region. Methods We retrieved the country-specific information chiefly from the Global Database on HIV Related Travel Restrictions at hivtravel.org. We simplified and standardized the database information to enable us to create an overview and compare countries. Where data was outdated unclear or contradictory we contacted WHO HIV focal points in the countries or appropriate non-governmental organizations. The United States Bureau of Consular Affairs website was also used to confirm and complement these data. Results Our review revealed that there are no entry restrictions for people living with HIV in 51 countries in the WHO European Region. In 11 countries foreigners living with HIV applying for long-term stays will not be granted a visa. These countries are Andorra Armenia Cyprus denies access for non-European Union citizens Hungary Kazakhstan Moldova the Russian Federation Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine and Uzbekistan. In Uzbekistan an HIV-positive foreigner cannot even enter the country and in Georgia we were not able to determine whether there were any HIV-related travel restrictions due to a lack