While the effects of public transportation investment can be of significant interest, longer-term travel benefits are a fundamental justification for public transportation investment that can ultimately lead to greater and more lasting impacts on an area’s economy. Direct benefits for travelers fall into four core categories: (1) travel time savings, (2) travel cost savings, (3) reliability improvements and (4) safety improvements. All three types of benefits can provide monetary savings for both public transportation passengers and for travelers who continue to use other transportation modes. .