quản lý dự án tốt cố gắng đảm bảo rằng công việc được thực hiện đúng ngay từ lần đầu tiên và không có sự cố nghiêm trọng xảy ra trong dự án. | 13. Quality Control and Safety During Construction Quality and Safety Concerns in Construction Quality control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers. Defects or failures in constructed facilities can result in very large costs. Even with minor defects re-construction may be required and facility operations impaired. Increased costs and delays are the result. In the worst case failures may cause personal injuries or fatalities. Accidents during the construction process can similarly result in personal injuries and large costs. Indirect costs of insurance inspection and regulation are increasing rapidly due to these increased direct costs. Good project managers try to ensure that the job is done right the first time and that no major accidents occur on the project. As with cost control the most important decisions regarding the quality of a completed facility are made during the design and planning stages rather than during construction. It is during these preliminary stages that component configurations material specifications and functional performance are decided. Quality control during construction consists largely of insuring conformance to these original design and planning decisions. While conformance to existing design decisions is the primary focus of quality control there are exceptions to this rule. First unforeseen circumstances incorrect design decisions or changes desired by an owner in the facility function may require re-evaluation of design decisions during the course of construction. While these changes may be motivated by the concern for quality they represent occasions for re-design with all the attendant objectives and constraints. As a second case some designs rely upon informed and appropriate decision making during the construction process itself. For example some tunneling methods make decisions about the amount of shoring required at different locations based upon observation of soil conditions during
