This book exists for one reason: to give you example after example of ideal TOEFL essays. The test calls for the knowledge of very distinct pat-terns of development—in other words, the way one must answer the essays. | 90 Ace the TOEFL Essay TWE The girl was making candy tomorrow but now she has decided not to make it. Perfect Forms The perfect forms are usually what most students have problems with when studying English even the best students. Because of this we will view a timeline to simplify things. Past Perfect Simple Past Now Had verb 3 X Has verb_3 minus Completed The past perfect verb consists of the verb had the third form of a verb. To make this clear we will look at a regular verb one that takes -ed in the simple past tense and an irregular verb one that does not take -ed in the simple past tense . Hereafter we will call the be verbs auxiliary verbs when they accompany other verbs specifically if they come before another verb in a sentence. The function of these auxiliary verbs is to help the main verb the action verb form a grammatical and therefore logical sentence. Past Perfect Always supposes we can put the word before in the sentence. Had v3 third form of verb I had walked to the store the day before yesterday. I had eaten dinner before I went to the restaurant. The verb phrase had walked took place before some time in the simple past. Here the simple past was yesterday. Similarly the verb phrase had eaten happened before some time in the simple past which was I went to the restaurant. In both sentences the action took place and was completed entirely 91 Parts of Speech before some time in the past. Be aware that the italicized phrases will be called time tags when examining sentences in the future. Now we know that these actions are already completed. With the present perfect it is not so easy to discern exactly when the action was completed. With the perfect tenses-and we will look at a third next-the action is completed before a fixed time with present perfect the fixed time is now. Present Perfect Has Have v3 I have watched television until before . This indicates that I have watched the television at a time before or until now. The fixed time in the present .
