Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về sinh học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học Journal of Biology đề tài: Recycling signals in the neural crest. | J. Biol. Journal of Biology BioMed Central Minireview Recycling signals in the neural crest Lisa A Taneyhill and Marianne Bronner-Fraser Address Division of Biology 139-74 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA. Correspondence Marianne Bronner-Fraser. E-mail mbronner@ Published 9 January 2006 Journal of Biology 2006 4 10 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http content 4 3 10 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract Vertebrate neural crest cells are multipotent and differentiate into structures that include cartilage and the bones of the face as well as much of the peripheral nervous system. Understanding how different model vertebrates utilize signaling pathways reiteratively during various stages of neural crest formation and differentiation lends insight into human disorders associated with the neural crest. The vertebrate neural crest is characterized by a high degree of multipotentiality and migratory ability. These cells originate at the border between neural and non-neural ectoderm as the neural tube closes to form the central nervous system. Initially residing within the dorsal neural tube as a relatively homogeneous precursor population neural crest cells are thought to represent stem cells. They subsequently delaminate from the neural tube epithelium as individual cells and migrate extensively throughout the body proliferating at the same time. Finally they differentiate into many different cell types under the influence of growth factors differentially expressed along their migratory pathways and or at their destinations. Neural crest derivatives include cartilage and bones of the face glia melanocytes smooth muscle dermis and connective tissue as well as sensory sympathetic and enteric neurons. Defects in neural crest development characterized by mutations in different signaling pathway components that control the neural crest give rise to various disorders and syndromes in
