Tham khảo tài liệu 'human musculoskeletal biomechanics part 8', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Cervical Spine Anthropometric and Finite Element Biomechanical Analysis 131 Static FE analyses focus on analysis of load response characteristics of cervical spine segments. In an effort to represent the load response as accurately as possible static FE models are constructed with as much detail as possible. Kallemeyn Tadepalli and Shivanna 2009 Panzer and Cronin 2009 Goel and Clausen 1998 Ha 2006 . In contrast to dynamic models static models often focus on two to three vertebral bodies as opposed to the complete cervical spine. These functional spinal units FSU can provide important internal load and segment displacement data Ng et al. 2003 . Static analyses also allow for corroboration of FE results with in vitro study load displacement results. Static analyses have been used to analyze a variety of topics including spinal column biomechanics soft tissue effects on behavior soft and hard tissue injuries and even prosthetic disc replacements Zhang et al. 2006 Voo et al. 1997 Noailly et al. 2007 Ha 2006 Galbusera et al. 2008 . As stated static element analyses lend themselves well to validation of cervical spine finite element models. Validation of any finite element model is an extremely important process the confirms that the model and assumptions there in adequately represent that actual physical spine. There have been in-vitro studies of the cervical spine and spine segments that can act as comparison and validation cases for finite element studies Moroney et al. 1988 Panjabi et al. 2001 Richter et al. 2000 . In order to use an in-vitro study as a comparison case test conditions including loading and constraints must be equivalent. This does not however limit the loading cases applied to finite element studies to those already employed in-vitro. By verifying a study under known in-vitro conditions investigators can assume the response of the finite element model is valid for a certain range then continue to test different scenarios Ng et al. 2003 . The .
