Tham khảo tài liệu 'waste water evaluation and management part 3', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Assessment of Micropollutants from Municipal Wastewater- Combination of Exposure and Ecotoxicological Effect Data for Switzerland 49 Hormone active effects There is an urgent need to detect assess and reduce effects of hormonally active compounds and endocrine disrupters in aquatic systems as reflected in national research programs like the Swiss NRP 50 Endocrine Disruptors and its consensus platforms Schweizer Nationalfonds FNSNF 2007 . As a medium-term measure the EU strategy on endocrine disruptors SEC 2007 uses the Endocrine Disruptor Testing and Assessment EDTA Task Force of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD along with other research activities. In particular the test methods of the OECD that are currently being validated or which have already been validated may contribute to a better understanding of the extent of endocrine disruption especially if they are applied on environmental samples and in the context of risk-assessment strategies for instance in waste water treatment. Further standardisation of such methods for regulative applications is recommended. Kase et al. 2009 . In addition to the detection and evaluation of single substances with chemical analytics the integrative effect detection using in-vitro-biotests is recommended for hormone active MPs. In particular this is desirable for estrogen-receptor binding substances since their quality criteria are analytically difficult to monitor due to the low effect concentrations 1 ng L . With in vitro testing the entire estrogen receptor binding potential of an environmental sample can be evaluated with a 17-beta-estradiol equivalent for example with the Yeast Estrogen Screen YES Test and various reporter gene systems with human cell lines van der Linden et al. 2008 Wilson et al. 2004 . An evaluation of sensitive effect-based easy-to-manage economical and easy-to-interpret biotests for estrogenic effects for use by enforcement authorities or by private laboratories is also
