Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and evasion of immune surveillance. Although programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) blockade has achieved certain success in immunogenic cancers, the responses to the PD-1 antibody are not effective or sustained in patients with pancreatic cancer. | IFN-γ down-regulates the PD-1 expression and assist nivolumab in PD-1-blockade effect on CD8 T-lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer